Dance is a sport Essay Example for Free

Move is a game Essay I. Presentation: an) Attention Getter: What is the meaning of a game? A game played with a ball? Is it individuals in close jeans going around? What about â€Å"an athletic movement requiring ability or physical ability and frequently of a serious nature†? That sounds progressively like it. Football, baseball, and track fit those definitions, however so does another recreational action that isn't ordinarily viewed as a game: move. b) Personal Statement: I myself am an artist and have been moving as long as I can remember. Being an artist, one of the most noticeably awful things anybody can say is that move isn't a game and I need to refute them. Progress: Dance fits each one of those necessities. An athletic action? Gracious definitely! Requiring aptitude or physical ability? Certainly! Frequently of a serious sort? Of course! Move is even perceived as a game by the International Olympic Committee. At that point for what reason is this â€Å"fine art† not thought about a game? II. Move is an athletic action. a) The game of move takes long stretches of preparing and difficult work to consummate. Truly, I said sport. Albeit some accept that moving is just tutus and whirling, it is an intellectually captivating and truly requesting movement. b) Dance is very like one of the most well known games in the United States: football. In the two exercises, competitors are doled out explicit employments, jobs, or positions. Each follows arranged plays. The two kinds of competitors travel utilizing certain means or passes. Comparable, isn't that so? III. Move requires aptitude or physical ability. a) One distinction among move and most games is simply the manner in which the competitors present. During a tennis match, the players snort and moan when hitting the ball to show everybody how hard they are functioning. Be that as it may, artists should consistently look effortless and light as a quill. The best artists can make the most troublesome moves look easy. It takes bunches of training to consummate those moves and make them look simple. This is the reason move is a psychological game too. b) Dr. Jill McNitt-Gray, an educator in kinesiology (the logical investigation of development) at the University of Southern California, has worked with national heroes and Olympic gold medalists. Through her work with proficient couples dancers, she found that an artist doing the jive can arrive at foot velocities of 15 miles 60 minutes. What's more, an artist can turn up to multiple times in a moment †multiple times quicker than a phonograph! c) Balance is an indispensable piece of move. Artists must have solid center muscles. Men need solid shoulders for lifts, since they should bolster their own body weight as well as their accomplices. â€Å"Dancers are the absolute hardest competitors in the world,† claims Dr. McNitt-Gray. IV. Move is a serious nature. a) Many ask, â€Å"How can move be a game? You cannot decide on schedule and the scoring is emotional! † Just like olympic skaters, serious artists are decided on numerous models: method, act, timing, line, hold, balance, harmony, articulation, introduction, force, and foot or leg activity. Artists have a great deal on their psyches while performing. They are continually asking themselves, am I expanding effectively? Is my procedure right? Is my head confronting the correct course? b) Some individuals think move includes less perseverance than sports like crosscountry running. Be that as it may, these sprinters apply powers in just a single course at the same time, as Dr. McNitt-Gray stated, in move, your hands, legs, and head are applying powers in various ways all simultaneously. c) Dance is a cardiovascular, oxygen consuming, and testing sport. Numerous expert competitors, including previous Pittsburgh Steeler wide beneficiary Lynn Swann, move to improve their adaptability. Move fits all the necessities of a game, and has the physical and mental difficulties of a game, too. V. Determination: a) Main Points: Just like some other game, move is an athletic action that requires ability or physical ability and is frequently a serious nature. b) Ending Statement: If you are shaking your head thinking, this young ladies insane, get up off your seat and attempt it yourself. In the mean time, I anticipate the day I may have the option to remain on that Olympic stage and get a gold award for the game of move. Sources and References 1. Teacher of Kinesiology, Jill McNitt-Gray. College of South California http://www.worlddancesport. organization/About/All/Fit_Through_Dance 2. Pittsburgh Steeler wide collector Lynn Swann, By Joe Horrigan. Graciousness of the Pro Football Hall of Fame http://www. profootballresearchers. organization/Coffin_Corner/23-03-895. pdf 3. The Mayo Clinic, a distributed clinical diary. The Health Benefits of Dancing Including Specific Benefits of Different Dances. http://www. sixwise. com/pamphlets/05/11/02/the_health_benefits_of_dancing__including_specific_benefits_of_different_dances. htm 4. Santa Clause Rosa High, The Press Democrat. The incredible discussion: is move a game? http://teenlife. web journals. pressdemocrat. com/11749/the-extraordinary discussion is-move a-sport/.

How to Pronounce the French Words Au and Eau

Step by step instructions to Pronounce the French Words Au and Eau Numerous dialects, including French, have words that are spelled diversely yet articulated a similar way. Two of the most widely recognized of these words in French areâ eauâ andâ au. Eauâ is a thing significance water in English, andâ auâ is the unequivocal article the. These letters likewise work as a typical vowel mix, delivering the equivalent phonetic sound. Articulation Guide The French vowel mixes in eau (particular) and eaux (plural) are articulated like the closed O sound, like the English way to express eau in eau de cologne yet increasingly stretched. The French letter blends ​auâ (singular) and aux (plural)â are articulated the very same way. Its critical to ace this sound since it shows up in such a significant number of French words. While articulating the sound, the lips are pressed together to really frame the state of an o. This physical part is critical to address French articulation. Keep in mind, to talk in French, you need to open your mouth-substantially more than we do in English. So allez-y. (Proceed.) Snap on the connections beneath to hear the words articulated in French:  â â eauâ â (water)â â â beauâ â (attractive, beautiful)â â â cadeauâ â (gift)â â â agneauâ â (sheep) Listen intently: The g isn't articulated, so you should state ah-nyo.)â â â beaucoupâ â (a lot)â â â bureauâ â (office, desk)â â â chapeauâ â  (hat) Extend Your Vocabulary The vowel mixes eau, eaux, au, and aux in the words belowâ are articulated precisely equivalent to in the words above. Snap on any of the connections above to remind yourself precisely how these letter mixes are articulated. Asâ you review, they are totally articulated precisely the equivalent. gã ¢teau (cake)bateau (boat)chã ¢teaux (castles)auto (car)mauvais (bad)chaud (hot)cauchemar (nightmare)restaurant (restaurant)chevaux (horses)journaux (papers) Models: Je vaisâ auâ restaurant.â Im heading off to the restaurant.Je mets mon playmate chapeau sur le bateau qui flotte sur leau et qui part au Portugal oã ¹ il fait chaud. I put my lovely cap on the pontoon which skims on the water and which is leaving for Portugal where it is hot.

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business the board - Essay Example In any case, society appeared to have noticed the call. Burke (2002) explained on the need of progress in associations as a road for endurance and saw such change as a methods for adjusting to their specific condition. In the domain of work and associations, basic differentiation is presently being centered around innovation and post-innovation. I likewise accept that the steady change from the previous to the last working environment standard can give a thought of how much change work and associations suffered in this age. Grint (2005) attributed ‘certainty, security and consensus’ to pioneer associations versus their contrary energies of ‘instability, vulnerability and dissensus’ to the post-innovator ones. Grint’s three arrangements of inverse words sum up the change in outlook from innovation to past innovation in the course material delineation of basic change from unbending administrations to adaptable associations; the utilization pattern from mass markets to specialty markets; from mechanical deter minism to mechanical decision; from separated, outlined and de-gifted to exceptionally de-separated, de-differentiated and multi-talented occupations; and from focal and normalized to unpredictable and fragmentary work relations dependent on Knights and Willmott (2006). In spite of the fact that the present model of hierarchical procedures have upset society and industry in a greater number of ways than one, I do, be that as it may, likewise recognize Harding’s (2003) contention that the alleged innovator age was never ‘superseded’ (Jameson, 2002) and has not so much left, however transformed into the goals we realize now as post-pioneer to ‘fill voids of understanding that exist in the cutting edge world’. Seen in this sense, the changes we saw are not really changes, however coherence, which in a way quickens Weil’s (1968, refered to in Gray, 2005) comment

Web Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Web Policy - Essay Example Both, individual data and research information must be kept separate on the servers. Reinforcement of site database is key necessities with a restricted access (Penn State University, 2007). Unapproved clients are not permitted to investigate the treats of the site put away in the companies’ PCs. At times, approved client leaves the framework without logging off the sites and the following client can get to the site data by utilizing treats. Organizations requiring the publicizing through online sites must follow the rules characterized by the IRB. Publicizing for the exploration venture must demonstrate unmistakably the points and potential advantages of the undertaking. Promoting must be made before meeting the qualification models (Penn State University, 2007). All sites will show the disclaimer connect that distinguishes the supporting expert on the landing page, which will have steady data on the landing page. Just the connections of different destinations will be gotten by their consent on the off chance that somebody requires the authorization of other websites’ joins. Areas of the site will utilize the .net, .com and .organization until appointee secretary of resistance determines some other space on demand. Quality confirmation of the sites will be kept up to address the prerequisites. Both Combatant Authority and ASD are liable for web based exercises. Social issues, for example, language ought to be paid attention to and synchronize the site materials and messages to counter the psychological warfare all inclusive. Occasional audit of the sites will be overseen so as to keep the viability of the site (U.S Department of Defense, 2010). Significant information from overviews before showing on the website pages needs the earlier assent of the members. Catches like â€Å"I agree† or â€Å"I don't agree† for the overview members ought to be remembered for the important page of the site. Assent of the members can be gotten through different methods, for example, messages or faxes. Research information supplier need care in

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay - 1925 Words

Strategic Human Resource Management (Essay Sample) Content: Strategic Human Resource ManagementNameCourse titleTutorInstitutionCity and StateDate dueStrategic human resource management refers to an approach of running human resources that assist long-term company or organization objective and as the results of the strategic framework. Moreover, SHRM involves distinctive human resource functions such as recruitment, payroll maintenance, discipline, firing and proactive management of the employees of the organization or a company. The significance of SHRM approach remains one of the most instrumental and influential in the business fraternity. In this case, utilization of the resources to future essentials, business culture, values, and macro-concerns revolves around SHRM to enhance improved business performance in the market CITATION Tru02 \l 1033 (Truss, et al., 2002). Adopting this approach in organization facilitates undertakings of all activities that influences the behavior of people in their determinations to frame and u phold implementation of strategies that focuses in accomplishment of the business objectives.The role of SHRM in organization revolves around the enhancement of adapting to the spontaneous and dynamic changes that exist in the business markets such as mergers and acquisitions. In this context, SHRM focuses on bettering the code of ethics in the business and examining the impacts of the strategies and decisions to the society. The leaders and executives of any organization are vital for goals and objectives accomplishment, and thus the SHRM is bestowed the responsibilities through the HR department to recruit and select competent leaders of the organization CITATION Sal05 \l 1033 (Salaman, et al., 2005). The HR department responsibilities such staffing and selection gains credibility from the SHRM depending on the previous decision and the professionalism of the department.Talent growth in organization acts as an asset of the company and thus the SHRM approach capitalizes on upholdi ng human resources growth. The growth of the talent revolves around the evaluation of the needs the organization focuses on accomplishing in the future thus organizing and planning on recruitment nurturing and retaining talents in the organization. In this context, the SHRM invest on ensuring development of employees through training to facilitate competencies in the market by impacting required knowledge and skills.The strategic human resource management also focuses on motivating the employees and ensuring coherent coexistence in the organization to facilitate efficiency in production. In this case, the approach upholds and strategizes for the promotion of the high performance as a strategy to influence the success of the organization. The culture upheld in an organization depends on SHRM strategies to influence the maneuvering of the business in the market. For instance, employees in high performing organization in the market reflects a culture of creativity and commitment to the objectives and goals outlined by the stakeholders.Role of human resource managerThe responsibilities of managing employees in the organization revolve around the human resource department headed by the human resource manager. Thus, various issues related to people in the organization are subjected the human resource manager of the company. In this case, the paper will focus on establishing the main roles of the resource manager in an organization.Implementation activitiesFor the organization to achieve their objective, goal and perform their basic role, the human resource manager (HRM) engages in various activities to implement the department plans. In this case, the implementation activities revolve around four groups with which each upholds the legal requirement for effective and efficient results to be obtained: acquisition, compensation, maintenance and development.AcquisitionThe duties of the human resource manager consist of ensuring planning of employees by human resource de partment. The activities include focusing on analyzing of the employment needs of the organization, identifying the trends of industries in terms of employees and determination of the required skills in various positions in the organization. For efficiency and effective result accomplishment, the HR department adopts various methods such as statistical analysis, interviews, and career designing chart to establish the required information CITATION Ste06 \l 1033 (Perkins, 2006).Conducting human resource planning the manager focuses on establishing stable workforce that is effective during stable and unstable economic crises. Moreover, controlling high turnover due to new recruits, reducing problems of replacement due to absenteeism and facilitating the department efficient plan on an effective financial budget.DevelopmentThe responsibility of ensuring development of the employees in terms of skills and knowledge remains with the human resource manager. Moreover, it involves an apprai sal of employees through promotion as a result of their performance to the organization. The manager oversees this process as a strategy to ensure the culture of the business and the code of ethics are always upheld. Moreover, the manager organizes on issues of training and development to enhance the employees are competent subjecting the organization to improvement in the market. Training and development also involve the orientation of the newly recruited employees to ensure execution of organization programs effectively.CompensationThe manager as the head of the human resource department oversees the payment of employee and provision of incentives. In this case, the manager ultimately ensures the satisfaction of employees in terms of wages by upholding equity among employees. Equity among employees in terms of wages does not hamper morale of the employees instead it provides financial motivation in the organization.MaintenanceIt encompasses activities related to employee benefits, employee safety and health and work-management relations. In this case, the human resource manager oversees these issues of the employee and others such as vacations, insurances, retirement and the health benefits. Moreover, in maintenance the manager organizes on issues sensitization of employees on benefits program and tax incentives. Additionally, the manager focuses on minimizing exposure to risk through overseeing implementation of preventive measure through training programs. Another risk the managers minimizes revolves around sexual harassment through devising systems that uphold coexistence and control of misconduct among employees.EVALUATIONThe critical characteristics in human resource department revolve around evaluation. The effectiveness of any program adopted by human resource department must be evaluated to reflect the results obtained from the program. The various program adopted by the human resource department both internal and external are overseen by the manag er. In terms of internal evaluation, it focuses on the cost and the benefits it brings to the organization. In terms of external evaluation, it focuses on all benefits the adopted programs subjects the organization to as a means of accomplishing the objectives and goals. The HRM manager has the responsibility in ascertaining test results of various programs through upholding of statistical analysis CITATION Gar14 \l 1033 (Rees, 2014). In this case, the department considers the four Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s in ascertaining testing results pertaining commitment, congruence, competence and cost-effectiveness.In terms of commitment, the manager focuses on loyalty, cooperation optimization and performance improvement among the employees. Reflection of these characteristics among the employees leads to competence, and the HRM manager oversees the evaluation of the policies that attracts, develops and keeps employees in the organization. Moreover, consideration of the right skills needed in the o rganization are evaluated and overseen by the HRM manager within the time frame, and the quantity needed. In terms of cost effectiveness, the HRM manager oversees the determination of the fiscal proficiency of various policies adopted by the organization such as wages, turnover, and benefits. For the congruence analysis, the HRM manager focuses on determining the level of cooperation among the employees and different groups both inside and outside the organization.The HRM department relies on advanced data gathering and analysis technique to develop inferences. The effectiveness of the human resource department can be observed through a various mechanism such as managerial ratio cost to workers cost. This reflects the efficiency of the adopted system by the HRM manager in terms of the labor force. Moreover, the HRM manager receives reports of revenues per cost of an individual employee to provide a comparison as per the culture and norms of the organization. In this case, the effect iveness of the HRM department under the leadership of the HRM manager provides insight of the effectiveness of the departments in the organization.Legal influencesHuman resource department is greatly influence...

Tragicomic Irony in The Merchant of Venice - Literature Essay Samples

There are many instances where if one were not laughing, they would be crying; that is to say, the difference between the laughable and the lamentable is oftentimes narrow. In fact, the irony behind what is tragic and what is comedic is naturally linked by its relationship with pathos, insomuch that comedy dismisses empathy and pity, whereas tragedy demands it. From Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard to Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five, all the way to their early beginnings with Plautus’ burlesque and often dark plays, tragicomic elements have been used in short stories, theatre pieces, and literature throughout time to provide ironic commentary on the spirit of the age and the human state of being. However, none surpass Shakespeare in their work in providing insight on the human condition and its affinity between the tragic and the comical. That is why after a review of The Merchant of Venice and its management of the bigotry towards Jews and homosexuals, the hypocri sy of the Christian’s judgment by mercy, and notably, the empathetic villainy and fate of the play’s antagonist, Shylock, it becomes clear that Shakespeare deliberately blurs the boundaries between tragedy and comedy and what is moral and immoral to provide humor, or at the very least, irony, to describe the human condition.From the beginning with Antonio’s opening line, â€Å"‘In sooth, I know not why I am so sad,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ the reader is introduced into the play with an air of speculative gloom. When Solanio and Salerio insist that Antonio’s sadness could be spawned from the risky nature of his business ventures on the seas, Antonio responds with an explanation of how his estate is sound, regardless of the future of his current business prospects; however, when asked if the merchant’s misery could be related to love, Antonio snaps back with â€Å"‘Fie, fie! The hasty retort would seem to suggest that Antonio is positive that h e could not be in love, but soon after, when he and Bassanio are left alone, the two share an exchange that would seem contrary to that claim. Though their exchange is not an overt confession of homosexuality, it is undeniable that Bassanio, who says, â€Å"‘To you, Antonio, I owe the most, in money and in love,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and Antonio, who pledges â€Å"‘my purse, my person, my extremest means lie all unlocked to your occasions,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ are in love with each other. In the very least, Antonio’s undying affection and â€Å"‘devotion to Bassanio suggests the intensity of same-sex male bonds†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. If Antonio has such a loving relationship, then why is he sad? It could be that Bassanio is looking to court Portia, the rich heiress of Belmont, and that the marriage could end Antonio and his relationship, but Bassanio explains that they both had expected this to happen given the disheveled condition of his estate, or in his own words,  "‘‘Tis not unknown to you, Antonio, / How much I have disabled mine estate.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ If it were expected, than why would Antonio have stated in the play’s very beginning that he didn’t know the reasons for his sadness? A possible answer is that Antonio is conflicted with his homosexual desires for Bassanio. Antonio, a merchant with Venetian sensibilities of the time, those including homophobia and anti-Semitism, could be conflicted between his homosexual desire for Bassanio and his repulsion towards the very idea of homosexuality. The implied irony provided from a â€Å"‘homophobic homosexual†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ certainly could be seen in a humorous light, but it is almost impossible to erase the elements of tragedy, considering how easy it is to be empathetic with the genuinely confused merchant in love.The bigotry in the play extends much further than sexual orientation and ultimately becomes blatant prejudice and racism, or more specifically, a nti-Semitism. The irony behind the Christian/Jewish opposition throughout the play is obviously the Christian message of compassion towards neighbors in conflict with the overt anti-Semitism prevalent in the Christian characters. Even more ironic, the bigotry towards the Jews is not so much a religious intolerance as it is a racial one. Though the Christians in the play are by no means to be perceived as religiously tolerant, the persecution of Shylock, as well as his daughter, is more of an xenophobic contempt for â€Å"‘the particularities of blood-lineage, and increasingly, of nation†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. This is made evident by the exchange between Jessica and Lancelot, when Lancelot explains that Jessica by birth is inevitably â€Å"‘damned,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ save for a â€Å"‘bastard hope,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ explaining that Jessica â€Å"‘may partly hope that your father got you not, that you are not the Jew’s daughter. In other words, the persecution o f Jessica is not necessarily because she shares her father’s religion, but his blood, which in turn, produces a tragicomic irony, insomuch that the Christian characters feel no qualms about persecuting the Jews, even in the name of Christianity, a religion that preaches the very opposite. It would be unfair to say that only Lancelot expresses an anti-Semitic attitude; in truth, almost all the Christian characters express at one point in the play some form of Jewish racism. Gratiano, one of â€Å"‘the play’s most outspoken anti-Semites†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ epitomizes many of the character’s prejudices, even at the extent of radically orating lengthy hate speech against Jews. Gratiano, in one of these tirades, comically hints at questioning his faith, a notion that is ironic considering his anti-Semitism does not coexist with his Christian beliefs in the first place, when he says to Shylock, â€Å"‘Oh, be thou damned, inexecrable dog, / And for thy lif e let Justice be accused! / Thou almost mak’st me waver in my faith†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Whether or not Shakespeare is consciously providing irony as commentary towards the injustice of the Christian racism or is simply cultivating â€Å"‘the soul of English culture†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and â€Å"‘long history of Jewish suffering,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ is debatable. Either way, it is impossible to remove the tragic quality of the Jew’s situation, even when illustrated in such an overblown and possibly, humorous fashion.Christian foul play continues throughout the play, notably with the trial of Shylock. Throughout the trial, Portia pleas to Shylock that he shed mercy on Antonio, stating â€Å"‘then must the Jew be merciful,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ but when Shylock questions why he must, she recants with â€Å"‘The quality of mercy is not strained. Later, she implies that mercy in law â€Å"‘is not possible for anyone—but only in and by Christ. Her  "‘capitalization†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ of Christian principles to gain advantage over the Jewish Shylock in the trial could be rendered as â€Å"‘psychospiritual usury,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ especially considering the hypocritical ending of the trial, where mercy isn’t exercised fully with Shylock’s sentence. If mercy was the Christian character’s intention, then why publically humiliate Shylock by forcing him to convert to Christianity, obviously going against his own beliefs and family tradition? The use of Christian ideologies in the trial is not only ironic but also hypocritical, since the espousers of the ideology do not even uphold to their own preaching, even to the extent that Antonio’s words earlier in the play, that even â€Å"‘the devil can cite Scripture for his purpose†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ could be used against them. Be it subliminal or deliberate, there is no doubt throughout the trial that the Christian characters show â€Å"‘hypocris y in projecting their own worst traits onto the scapegoated figure of the Jew†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. Because Shakespeare writes the play with the intention of the Christian characters identifying with the audience, the subtle irony behind the Christian hypocrisy is ambiguous; however, if one puts an emphasis on â€Å"‘the importance and centrality of the irony,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ it becomes clear that the play describes â€Å"‘the manner in which the Christians succeed in the world by not practicing their ideals of love and mercy. The justice at the hand of the Christians is completely arbitrary, and not at the mercy of Christ (the only just mercy according to Portia earlier), but solely to Antonio’s liking when Portia passes the sentence to him asking, â€Å"‘What mercy can you render him, Antonio?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ The procedure is nothing short of â€Å"‘mercenary justice†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and â€Å"‘does not celebrate the Christian virtues so much as exp ose their absence,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ which ultimately does not portray â€Å"‘justice by love and mercy,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ but becomes â€Å"‘something of a parody of heavenly harmony and love. The irony behind the court scene, and certainly the potentially deliberate pathos rendered by the mistreatment of Shylock, is quickly brushed off as Shakespeare immediately shifts the focus from Shylock to the lovers and their rings at the end of the first scene in Act IV, furthering the elements of romantic comedy throughout the play. But even though the irony is deliberately placed aside to continue the comedic narrative, one can not deny its presence throughout the entire trial and the hypocrisy and complacency of the Christian characters that let it prosper.Perhaps the most complicated element towards critically interpreting The Merchant of Venice is the ambiguity surrounding Shylock’s character. One inclination is to present Shylock as â€Å"‘a potentially good ma n twisted by malignant social and religious prejudice, an approach that can only mean Shakespeare intended the play to be â€Å"‘deeply ironic†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and about â€Å"‘hypocritical Christians,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ but in the â€Å"‘other direction,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Shylock simply could have been like any villain in a â€Å"‘typical romantic comedy, which only by historical accident has a Jew occupying the position otherwise filled by (say) a killjoy steward. In critique to the latter case, if Shylock were simply a generic villain, then why are there so many complications and instances of pity throughout the play towards his character? It could be possible that Shylock deliberately has characteristics of both, a sympathetic character and a typical villain. For how else could Shylock be â€Å"‘portrayed not as a hateful character, but as one who commands our sympathies,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and â€Å"‘a comic, even a farcical figure, greedy to the poi nt of the ludicrous, whose every line and mannerism is intended to evoke belly-laughs,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ if it were not for him to be an ideal platform to provide irony throughout the play? It only seems possible that Shylock was created to embody contradicting characteristics. Why else would the most emotionally poignant and sentimental lines in the play be uttered by the man who when asked by Salerio, â€Å"‘thou wilt not take his flesh. What’s that good for?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ responds coldheartedly with â€Å"‘To bait fish withal. If it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. With those words, something is revealed â€Å"‘far more than the mere desire for revenge,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and an â€Å"‘element of wild desperation†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ created by the frustration from years of persecution, comes out in Shylock’s character, so that as one sees â€Å"‘there is a despairing sense of the futility of the revenge, since the pound of flesh cannot heal the real hurt,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ they realize that Shylock has become maddened to the point of deep agony, and through this realization are compelled to sympathize with him. If not those words, than certainly the rest of Shylock’s discourse, especially him questioning, â€Å"‘If you pick us, do we not bleed? / If you tickle us, do we not laugh?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and definitely his comparison to a Christian in respect to retribution with â€Å"‘If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ could only be interpreted as a cry for sympathy and understanding. When creating Shylock, Shakespeare â€Å"‘knew the Jews of medieval and passion plays and Corpus Christi pageants†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ were portrayed as â€Å"‘an incarnation of the devil himself,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and also understood the animosity towards Jews at the time because o f their practicing of â€Å"‘usury, that is, the lending of money for gain, giving not for love but for gain,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ an animosity so great, that the â€Å"‘word â€Å"‘Jew†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ was synonymous with evil. So by providing a second layer, the sympathetic and tortured side of Shylock, Shakespeare deliberately created a character to contrast the Elizabethan single-sidedness of Jewish perception. In a sense, he asks one to give sympathy to the devil, a notion overtly ironic; however, Shylock also plays to the perception of the Jews at the time by adding the simple and ridiculous form of a money mongering Jew. This is made apparent when he says things (according to Solanio) as ludicrous as â€Å"‘My daughter! Oh, my ducats! Oh, my daughter!†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Shakespeare plays to the audience’s likely prejudices towards the Jews implying that Shylock, a simplistic avaricious usurer, who would equate his own daughter to his ducats. In doing this, he openly provides comedy where the other elements of tragicomic irony throughout the play might not have been interpreted by the masses, but that is not to say he is simply reducing Shylock to a simplistic villain. On the contrary, it just adds another layer to the already complex web that is Shylock’s character.By employing irony throughout The Merchant of Venice with the anti-Semitic and homophobic bigotry of the supposedly moral characters, the overall hypocrisy practiced by the followers of Christianity, and most importantly, the empathetic and tragic condition of the villain, Shylock, Shakespeare asks the audience not to lament, but to laugh at the discrepancy between the intellectual and emotional sides of humanity. It is true that comedy uses â€Å"‘wit†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and â€Å"‘spectacle†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ to â€Å"‘appeal†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ to the brain, and that tragedy â€Å"‘engages before anything else our feelings of terror and pity,â € Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ that is, the responses of the heart. However, the line is fine between what engages the mind and what pleas to the heart. The Merchant of Venice embraces this notion of unintelligibility, blending the elements of tragedy and comedy in order to provide instances of irony, something intrinsically comic. For without the play’s irony, it would be Shakespeare, not Shylock, that demanded a pound of flesh – straight from the reader’s heart.

Battle Of The Bulge Essay - 1525 Words

The Battle of the Bulge The battle of the bulge was Hitlers last chance to win the war or at least make the allies go for a treaty. He did this because his forces were being pushed back into Germany and soon they would run out of supplies and other resources for war. Hitler thought of this bold plan when he recalled how a German hero Frederick the great was facing defeat, Frederick went on a offensive attack at his foe who had superior numbers but the bold moved worked and Hitler thought he could do the same thing. The Battle of the bulge took place on December sixteenth 1944. More than a million men participated in this battle including some 600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British which made it†¦show more content†¦It was the place were they had great success against the French people in the beginning of the war. The Germans also selected it because it was easy to hide troops in the hills which they did at the first major offensive. Hitler code-named this attack as the â€Å"watch am Rein† The Americans the area were in a thin line because they wanted to give support to the flank were the attack was expected so they thought. During the War Eisenhower and his staff felt this spot was the least likely to be attacked. The thought the Germans would not try any thing through the narrow passageway. The Germans wanted the opposite of what the Americans wanted to do. As stated above the Allied troops were resting and reforming; they consisted of General Simpsons 9th Army and General Hodges 1st US Army in the north and General Pattons 3rd Army to the south. The Ardennes was held by General Middleton who had the 8th US Army Corps, 106th and 26th Infantry Divisions and 4th and 9th Armored Divisions. The object of the German offensive was to push through the Belgian Ardennes, cross the Mousse, retake Antwerp and its harbor facilities, thrust to the north and reach the sea which they almost succeed in doing. This would cut off the Allied troops in Holland and Belgium, making it impossible for them to withdraw. The success of the operation depended on three importantShow MoreRelatedThe Battle of the Bulge757 Words   |  3 Pages to eliminate the bulge in the American line. This success was largely due to General Patton’s third army, that attacked from the North and the South. On January 8, 1945, the German forces began to pull out of the Bulge. As the Americans advanced, they continued to erase all German gains. By the end of January, 1945, all territory that was captured by the Germans was back under Allied control (â€Å"Battle of the Bulge†). The Battle of the bulge was one of the most difficult battles of the war for theRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1089 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of the Bulge The United States remains a country with a rich history in several issues including strong military activities including their incursion in Iraq, Afghanistan and other volatile countries around the world. However, the devastations of the Battle of the Bulge make it as one of the deadliest and bloodiest wars that the U.S has ever witnessed in history. It led to various war tactics with artillery emerging from it and other military operation challenges. Despite its unpredictableRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge was one of the Bloodiest battles of World War II with around 175,000 total casualties and played a key role in ending the War. The Battle started as a German surprise attack on Allied Forces along an 80-mile front in the Ardennes Forest of southern Belgium. The Germans initially had a great deal of success in their attack but through a series of Allied counter attacks the Allied Forces were able to cripple the German Forces. The Field Artillery played a crucial role inRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge2131 Words   |  9 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle on the Western Front of World War Two. At the largest point of the battle it involved over 1.1 million men. The battle was started when the Germans launched Operation Watch on the Rhine. The main objective of this operation was to capture the American held harbor of Antwerp which is Belgium. Ever since the invasion of Normandy the allies had had problems bringing supplies up to the front. Every time the Germans left a city with a harbor in it they sabotagedRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1712 Words   |  7 Pages Battle of the Bulge Christopher Adams NCOA SLC 15-005 Battle of the Bulge Introduction The Battle of the Bulge, a massive German counteroffensive which began in December 1944, ultimately produced the largest casualty rate in any one battle throughout World War II. The Allied Forces alone lost almost 80,000 at the Battle of the Bulge. This casualty rate could have been much higher if Hitler would’ve grasped the importance and value of supply and logisticalRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1077 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge is remembered as Adolf Hitler’s final effort to escape total defeat during World War II (WWII). His initial efforts were successful, however the Allied force commanders proved superior through there demonstrated adaptive and decisive decision making. These actions helped to overcome the military force and military intelligence failures during the battle. If these failures had been avoided, the Germans would have been defeated much quickerRead MoreBattle of the Bulge1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe battle of the bulge The battle of the bulge was Hitlers last chance to win the war or at least make the allies go for a treaty. He did this because his forces were being pushed back into Germany and soon they would run out of supplies and other resources for war. Hitler thought of this bold plain when he recalled how a German hero Frederick the great was facing defeat, Frederick went on a offensive attack at his foe who had superior numbers but the bold moved worked and Hitler thought heRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1630 Words   |  7 PagesImagine hundreds of thousands of soldiers fighting in blizzard conditions, both sides fighting for their country, The Battle of the Bulge was one of the largest battles of the war and proved to be one of the most important. Some people ask how the Allied forces were able to stop the seemingly unbeatable Nazi war machine, this battle would be the last major offensive by the Third Reich in attempt to change the tides of the Second World War. The Allied forces were about to be a part of the true terrorsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge stands as the largest battle fought between the Allied and Axis forces on the Western Front during World War II. This battle was a German offensive intended to drive a wedge between the American and British armies in France and the Low Countries and capture the port of Antwerp in the Netherlands to deny the Allies use of the port facilities. The battle also known as the Ardennes Offensive, took place in the Ardennes Forest of Luxembourg and Belgium. The battle waged duringRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1388 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Eisenhower summons 10th Armored Division to Bastogne, Patton exercises disciplined initiative in setting the stage for victory at the Battle of the Bulge. Before Patton is summoned to Verdun, he set the conditions for his forces to break away from the battle in the Saar River Valley and move toward Bastogne. Patton initially protests the order to send the 10th Armored Division to Bastogne. Losing an entire division would weaken his effort to Invade Germany in the Saar. However, Patton finally

Definition and Examples of Dysphemisms in English

Dysphemism is the substitution of a more offensive or disparaging word or phrase for one considered less offensive, such as the use of the slang term shrink for psychiatrist. Dysphemism is the opposite of euphemism. Adjective: dysphemistic. Though often meant to shock or offend, dysphemisms may also serve as in-group markers to signal closeness. Linguist  Geoffrey Hughes points out that [a]lthough  this linguistic mode has been  established for centuries and the term dysphemism was first recorded in 1884, it has only recently acquired even a specialist currency,  being  unlisted in many general dictionaries and reference books (An Encyclopedia of Swearing, 2006). See Examples and Observations  below. Also, see: CacophemismConnotations and DenotationsCursingHow to Flatter an Audience With Euphemisms, Dysphemisms, and DistinctioPejorative LanguagePropagandaSwear Word EtymologyFrom the Greek, a non word Examples and Observations When applied to people, animal names are usually dysphemisms: coot, old bat, pig, chicken, snake, skunk, and bitch, for example.Euphemisms and Dysphemisms for DeathThere is virtually no aspect of human experience free from dysphemism. . . .Death generates such typical  euphemisms as to pass away, to pass on, to depart this life, go to ones Maker, and so on. Parallel dysphemisms would be to snuff it, to croak, and to push up daisies, since these allude graphically and cruelly to the physical aspect of death, down to breathing ones last, the death rattle, and being reincorporated into the cycle of nature.(Geoffrey Hughes,  An Encyclopedia of Swearing. Routledge, 2006)Dysphemisms and Stylistic DiscordSpeakers resort to dysphemism to talk about people and things that frustrate and annoy them, that they disapprove of and wish to disparage, humiliate and degrade. Curses, name-calling and any sort of derogatory comment directed towards others in order to insult or to wound them are all examples of dysphemism. Exclamatory swear words that release frustration or anger are dysphemisms. Like euphemism, dysphemism interacts with style and has the potential to produce stylistic discord; if someone at a formal dinner party were to publicly announce Im off for a piss, rather than saying Excuse me for a moment, the effect would be dysphemistic.(Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press, 2006)Gratuity and TipI used to think gratuity was a euphemism for tip until I discovered that I had got it the wrong way round, and that tip was a dysphemism for gratuity. . . . Gratuity is much older than tip, and originally meant a gift made to anyone, including an equal.(Nicholas Bagnall, Words. The Independent, December  3, 1995)Dysphemisms and SlangWhen we think of euphemisms, we think of words that are substituted because their connotations are less distressing than the words they replace. In slang you frequently have the opposite phenomenon, dysphemism, where a relatively neutral word is replaced with a harsher, more offensive one. Such as calling a cemetery a boneyard. Referring to electrocution as taking the hot seat would be another. . . . Even more dysphemistic would be to fry.(Interview with J. E. Lighter, American Heritage, October  2003)Dysphemisms in ContextA jocular approach to death is only dysphemistic if the Hearer can be expected to regard it as offensive. For instance, if a doctor were to inform close family that their loved one has pegged out during the night, it would normally be inappropriate, insensitive, and unprofessional (i.e., dysphemistic). Yet given another context with quite a different set of interlocutors, the same expression could just as well be described as cheerfully euphemistic.(Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Euphemism and Dysphemism. Oxford University Press, 1991) Pronunciation: DIS-fuh-miz-im Also Known As: cacophemism

What Is A Ciso - 1440 Words

What is a CISO? The CISO is a senior-level executive responsible for managing information security from a business perspective, as cybersecurity is increasingly being viewed as a business problem rather than an IT problem. The CISO establishes the enterprise vision, strategy, and program for protecting information assets and technologies to minimize risk to the business. In recent years the role has evolved from a pure security focus to identification and management of the organization’s business and operational risks. It goes beyond architecture and technology to address risks to the business and represent cybersecurity concerns and issues for organizational decision-making. â€Å"Modern-day CISOs should be viewed as business executives who are focused on managing business risk† , rather than focused completely on technology, according to Chris Ray, the CISO of Epsilon. The CISO needs to understand the technology, but then be able to translate relevant information for use by executive management in making business decisions and managing business risk. According to Rick Doten, CISO for Digital Management Inc., â€Å"The security guy really needs to understand the business risk, because a CISO’s job is not to protect IT, it’s to protect the business from the IT infrastructure.† What does a CISO do? The CISO s responsibilities have shifted in recent years â€Å"from general security to identifying, developing, implementing and maintaining security-related processes that reduce theShow MoreRelatedMonitoring Of Walmart Information Resources1379 Words   |  6 Pages12-3.1 What We Monitor Monitoring of Walmart information resources may include, but is not limited to, the following: Network traffic. Application and data access. Keystrokes and user commands. E-mail and Internet usage. Message and data content. Unauthorized access points. 12-3.2 User Agreement to Monitor Any use of Walmart information resources constitutes consent to monitoring activities that may be conducted whether or not a warning banner is displayed. Users of Walmart information resources:Read MoreWhat Every Ceo Should Know About Security858 Words   |  4 PagesNeuEon Blog Post Title: No CISO? What Every CEO Should Know About Security In today’s challenging corporate security environment, many companies do not have a dedicated Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) to provide the critical alignment between strategic security goals and functional security operations. A CISO can help organizations align the appropriate people, process and platforms with your strategic security roadmap, and provide invaluable feedback on the priorities, best practicesRead MorePlanning for Security945 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational planning, described below, and Contingency planning, which focuses on planning or unforeseen events. Organizations must be able to forecast their needs relative to available resources as best they can to insure best decision making. 2. What are the three common layers of planning? How do they differ? Answer: Strategic – lays out long term goals, Tactical – more short term focus, Operational – daily and on-going operation goals 3. Who are the stakeholders? WhyRead MoreLab 1 How to Identify Threats and Vulnerabilities in an It Infrastructure945 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational planning, described below, and Contingency planning, which focuses on planning or unforeseen events. Organizations must be able to forecast their needs relative to available resources as best they can to insure best decision making. 2. What are the three common layers of planning? How do they differ? Answer: Strategic – lays out long term goals, Tactical – more short term focus, Operational – daily and on-going operation goals 3. Who are the stakeholders? WhyRead MoreBusiness Issues And Goals For Pharm Universe1654 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1:- What are the most important business issues and goals for Pharm Universe? Solution 1:- Business Issues a) Pharm Universe s existence and success revolve around intellectual property (IP). There is very high competition in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharma Universe’s biggest concern is the security of the â€Å"Intellectual Property† which is required to produce new drugs. If this information is leaked to the competitors then that can be a huge advantage for them as not only it will saveRead MoreInsights : Implications And Applications796 Words   |  4 PagesInsights – Implications – Applications Part One: Insights Mid-Term: My insight is that CSO and CISO are true leadership positions. That means that we must know the difference in understanding the idea vs. the needed action and taking it. The insight is driven from the issue of our seat at the â€Å"C† level table is new, or is it? In medieval times it was common to have a â€Å"Sergeant at Arms† caring for the security of the castle and the only person he reported to was the king. Is it just me, or areRead MoreInformation Security And Training And Awareness1215 Words   |  5 PagesCEO shall undertake the following activities to ensure effective training and awareness of employees: i. Conduct training needs analysis on all the roles mentioned in the IS MS Governance Procedure including the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), IS MR, IS Management Committee, IS Working Group, internal auditors, SCO, facility managers, floor warden ; ii. Provide training to the above mentioned roles in the organization; iii. Ensure that the necessary competence has been achieved; and ivRead MoreAcceptable Use Policy Template1370 Words   |  6 Pagessample Acceptable Use Security Policy using the outline identified in the Security Policy Template. The purpose of this sample document is to aid with the development of your own agency Acceptable Use Security Policy by giving specific examples of what can be performed, stored, accessed and used through the use of your departments computing resources. Section 1 - Introduction Information Resources are strategic assets of the and must be treated and managed as valuable resources. providesRead MoreHow Does Security Work Within An Organizations Budgeting Process?1241 Words   |  5 Pagesmaking this a reality is for the CISO/CSO to acknowledge the need for a strategic approach to information security. Once this need is acknowledged, the next steps for the CISO/CSO are to anticipate management’s questions, plan ahead, and be ready with an explanation of what strategic security issues will be addressed by each dollar of the security budget. A well-researched and well-prepared security plan along with a well-presented security budget cannot fail the CISO/CSO on a mission to get the preciousRead MoreA New Cyber Security Initiative For The Army Materiel Command1678 Words   |  7 Pagesto the Army’s entire network. The COS declared that a Commander could be disciplined or even removed for failing to properly defend the network.This changed the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) and the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) dramatically. The challenge was to stop the attacks and secure the network and databases consistently. My vision was to implement a cohesive system that covered everything from policy, procedures and training in the use of a standard tool set. My

Schizophrenia Is A Severe Mental Disorder Affecting More...

In this assignment, schizophrenia is going to be discussed and antipsychotics are going to be critically analysed, from the World Health Organization they have stated that â€Å"Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting more than 21 million people worldwide† (WHO, 2016). Schizophrenia is characterized by changes in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behaviour. The main things that people have occur with this mental health issue are Hallucinations where a person is hearing, seeing or feeling things that are not there in the first place. They also get Delusions that are fixed false beliefs or suspicions that are firmly believed even when there is evidence to suggest that they are not taking place, a person can also have abnormal Behaviour they can be seen to have a strange appearance, they can start to self-neglect, have incoherent speech, wandering aimlessly without a cause and sometimes be mumbling or laughing to self. The studies and issues There are many problems with follow up studies of patients schizophrenia due to patients who are labelled as having the condition varies from country to country, time to time and which psychiatrist is dealing with the case. The patients chosen could be either sex, be of different age ranges, they could be experiencing their first psychotic breakdown or could be more chronically ill. Any of the factors could affect the course of the psychosis. A patient could be followed at certain times of their life thisShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1230 Words   |  5 PagesMood disorders are illnesses that describe a serious change in mood, it is a mental illness that occurs in the brain. A person with a mood disorder can have a hard time living normally in their everyday life; from feeling hopeless, drowsiness, lack of good energy and low self-esteem. It creates a big impact on a person’s decisions and actions and sometimes can even make them go insane and suicidal. However, some mood disorder are really common and can seek treatment but some can be really rare andRead MoreShedding Some Light of Schizophrenia Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pages Schizophrenia affects about 2.5 million Americans and 24 million worldwide. However, not everything is known about the mental illness. What part of the brain Schizophrenia affects and the different types of tests used to detect it. What medications have shown the best results, but what are their side effects that may come with? Is it worth the risk? Also what are all the possible ways Schizophrenia can be instigated? â€Å"New test and machines also enabled researchers to study the structureRead MorePsy Chological And Social Factors1698 Words   |  7 Pagesabsence of disease. The World Health Organisation defined health as â€Å"the state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and in-firmity in 1948† (WHO, 2006). Schizophrenia According to WHO (The World Health Orangastion Schizophre-nia is defined as: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, charac-terized by profound disruptions in thinking, affecting language, perception, and the sense of self. It often includes psychotic experiences, such as hearingRead MoreEssay On Psychiatric Disorders1260 Words   |  6 PagesA growing literature demonstrates that early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders between children can reduce the risks of adverse psychosocial outcomes, in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between adjustable risk factors and psychiatric disorders, between children and adolescents, in a developing country with life style transition. Totally, 13,486 students, aged 6–18 years from all provinces of Iran, were included in this study. The fuzzy decision tree (FDTs) wasRead MoreNavigating Our Mental Health Problem5632 Words   |  23 Pages Navigating Our Mental Health Problem Wesley W. Austin HCA 450A Warner Pacific College June 18, 2015 Abstract The object of this paper is to shed light on the seriousness of mental illness and it is statistically affecting the United States. The history of how the mentally ill have been treated in this country will be discussed, followed by how we got to our current situation with a lack of treatment and an epidemic of mentally ill homeless people as well as, how the police are trained,Read MoreThe Marketing Research of Brainquiry33782 Words   |  136 PagesGermany. A list of contact details for golf clubs throughout Germany is given in the same excel file as mentioned before. If more contacts are needed they can be found by using the means stated in the sources part of the research. The excel file gives furthermore general information about private insurance companies and an overview of how many people do have which mental disorder in Germany. In the report the promotional part gives an overview of means to use regarding the target groups being lookedRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010 135604 Words   |  543 PagesDo more, feel better, live longer GlaxoSmithKline Annual Report 2010 Contents Business review P08–P57 Governance and remuneration P58–P101 Financial statements P102–P191 Shareholder information P192–P212 Business review 2010 Performance overview Research and development Pipeline summary Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation Manufacturing and supply World market GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial position and resourcesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOpportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Over view 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25

Cancer Reform Strategy Supportive & Palliative Care

Question: Critically analyse the key interpersonal skills necessary to communicate effectively with patients, family and colleagues within the context of cancer care.Evaluate your own interpersonal skills in relation to communicating effectively and confidently with patients with cancer, family and colleagues.Devise an action plan to facilitate interpersonal skills development and enhance the provision of supportive care for cancer patients and the family in your clinical environment. Answer: Cancer is proving to be the major cause of reported mortalities across the globe following the evolving lifestyle and environmental alterations. The increased fatalities from intestinal and pulmonary malignancies attribute to their unknown etiology and adverse influence on patients genome, thereby altering the normal physiological processes leading to episodes of intense pain and pathophysiological complications. Indeed, cancer adds up considerably to the disease burden in various developed and developing nations of the world. The cost of cancer therapy poses a major challenge to the economically weaker sections of the society in receiving qualitative treatment and palliative care for controlling the severity of symptoms and other associated comorbidities. The financial implications of the cancer care services related to the complexity of the expenses incurred in attaining the treatment of choice with respect to the severity and type of the cancer affecting the predisposed population (National Audit Office, 2010:p.7). The physical abnormalities resulting from various forms of cancer related to the cytological variations leading to disfigurement of the body structure and function. However, the loss of physical well-being during cancer conditions intensified by the adverse influences of the treatment modalities administered to counter the comorbidities and complications associated with the progression of these life-threatening malignancies (Corner Bailey, 2008:p.210). The clinical literature provides evidences from research studies in context to the influence of psychosocial factors on occurrence and progression of metastatic malignancies (Carr Steel, 2013:p.1). Keen Lennan (2011:p.230) illustrate the influence of uterine, ovarian and breast malignancies on the physiological and psychosocial state of the affected women. The loss of self-confidence and libido, infertility and family conflicts include some of the serious factors warranting the need for rehabilitating the cancer patients while rendering supportive and palliative care and treatment. The cancer reform strategy includes rendering physical and occupational therapies to the affected patients by non-physician professionals, with the intent to provide rehabilitation and psychological support in coping up with the adverse influences of the therapeutic modalities employed to control the cancer manifestations. The cancer reform strategy indeed, explores the strategic approaches to counter the progression of malignancies and providing palliative care to the patients for accomplishing their needs and expectations while attempting to regain health and survival during cancer stages (Fawcett McQueen, 2011:p.172). The clinical literature emphasizes the role of imparting cancer education in enhancing the quality of life and health of patients striving against cancer (Foyle, Hostad, 2007:p.48). The concepts of palliative oncology advocate the positive outcomes of imparting cancer education programs and seminars to the patients population. Contrarily, the physicians also require updating their skills and knowledge in context to the evidence based approaches for treating and supporting the patients affected by life threatening malignancies. The back and forth dissemination of information regarding cancer pathology and treatment approaches between patients and physicians assists in reducing the disease burden with the effective utilization of strategies and approaches for controlling the life threatening outcomes from various malignancies across the patients population. The effective communication between cancer patients and nurse professionals helps in understanding the i ntensity of psychosocial complications experienced by the patients during initial until advanced stages of metastatic cancers. These measurements by the healthcare professionals prove as effective tools in devising palliative and supportive care to the patients for increasing their survival rates, and competency in context to enhancing self-care skills to cope up with the intense symptoms experienced during malignancies. The contention of palliative care advocates the monitoring of therapeutic modalities administered in treating the symptoms of life threatening malignancies, rather than exploring a permanent cure of the progressing malignancy. Moreover, the palliative care by the healthcare professionals aims at establishing synergistic relationship with the patients and their families to assist them in enhancing quality of life and restoring health in terms of defining shorter and longer term healthcare objectives for the affected patients (Regnard Kindlen, 2002:p. 52). The efficient rendering of supportive and palliative care to the cancer population warrant through understanding of the pain episodes, available treatment modalities and their adverse affects in context to the stage of patients malignancy. Berger et al (2013) discuss the contention of palliative care during the advanced stages of patients cancer. The strategies for rendering hospice care warrant effective interaction with patients f amily and caretakers to devise and implement potential approaches for controlling patients pain and episodes of intense depression and insomnia. The supportive and palliative care strategies not only focus on appropriate supervision of the patients in terms of monitoring the treatment modality, they rather explore a practical approach to establish psychosocial homeostasis, and emotional and spiritual well-being of the affected individuals. The stable psychological well-being of patients family members highly warranted to ensure efficient caretaking in the residential environment. The increasing responsibilities following patients requirements pose serious financial and psychosocial challenges for the family members, thereby resulting in emotional conflicts while imparting care and support against the terminal illness. Therefore, rendering psychological counselling, educational sessions and emotional support by the nursing professionals to the family members of the striving patients required to assist them in overcoming these challenges encountered during the caretaking process. The patients of gynaecologic metastatic malignancies suffer from the state of bereavement and psychosocial disintegration during the advanced stages of their terminal illness. The palliative and supportive care strategies warrant implementing individualized care plans for tackling these sensitive scenarios during the end stages of patients life, to ensure substantial reduction of these psychosomatic manifestations following the cancer stages. However, consistent emphasis on allowing patients for practicing self-care during the initial stages of cancers helps them to attain psychosomatic gratification and encouragement to strive for challenging the expected outcomes of the carcinomatous conditions. The formation of various support groups for the patients and their family members helps them to tackle the intense symptoms and psychosocial challenges encountered with the onset of the life t hreatening malignancy. Moreover, the clinical manifestations pertaining to different stages of gynaecologic malignancies including pelvic pain, abdominal distress, diverticulosis, edema, fatigue, chest discomfort, post surgical pain and metastasis require efficient monitoring by the nurse professionals in context to rendering palliative care and therapy to ascertain the reduction of intense symptoms and stabilizing the psychosocial well-being of the patients population. The obstacles encountered by the patients, their families and medical fraternity in efficiently rendering support and palliative care to the target population require serious consideration by the healthcare professionals for strategically devising reform strategies in overcoming these potential challenges obliterating patients care and therapy during various stages of metastatic malignancies. The potential barriers hindering the provision of supportive and palliative care services to the patients population include the lack of appropriate provisions for rendering palliative care in clinical settings and oncology clinics. Moreover, the absence of adequate training programs for health care professionals and prevalent bias in treatment approaches with respect to the socioeconomic and ethnic fluctuations between the patients population prove to be the potential barriers in rendering effective care and support to the cancer patients (Foley Gelband, 2001:p.4). The financial perspectives i ncluding insufficient investment in the palliative care services and lack of research studies attribute to the existing gaps in the supportive care strategies practiced among the patients population. The cancer patients surviving under socioeconomic burden and confined to underdeveloped geographical locations face challenges in terms of inadequate supportive care and therapy for treating the symptoms of life threatening malignancies. The absence of a national policy for defining the accountability factor for cancer mortalities attributes to the deficits in supportive and palliative care for the patients population. The deficit in care giving strategies pertaining to rational approaches to ascertain the provision of rendering familial support to the patients population attributes to the potential barriers in restoring health and wellness among the victims of metastatic malignancies. The important manifestations of gynaecologic cancers including, infertility, menstrual irregularities, impotence, gastrointestinal complications, metastasis, metabolic morbidities and psychosomatic disorders require thorough analysis and research by the physicians and qualified nurse professionals to effectively devise and render proactive strategies in restoring the psychosocial homeostasis and well being of the target population. The epidemiological perspectives of malignancies and their manifestations warrant conducting research trials to explore the environmental and regional influences in the progression of cancers and consequent mortalities among the affected patients. Indeed, lack of research studies in context to exploring the effectiveness and outcomes of evidence based traditional, complementary and alternative therapies in alleviating the intensity of cancer symptoms acts as a potential barrier in effectively utilizing these approaches under supportive and palliative care programs for the cancer patients. Therefore, these necessities require due consideration to streamlin e and efficiently practice evidence based strategies in rendering care and therapy to the patients with terminal illness. The high costs for therapy and supportive care prove to the major barrier in providing uninterrupted qualitative care and therapy to the patients of gynaecologic, hematologic and pulmonary malignancies. Therefore, health care plans warranting cost-effective execution of supportive and palliative care strategies by the nursing fraternity require implementation with the intent to restore the psychosomatic well being of the patients affected with metastatic malignancies. The life threatening metastatic gynaecologic, hepatic, renal, prostatic and pulmonary malignancies require surgical intervention in their advanced stages to challenge the progression of abnormally growing cancerous cells, with the intent to increase the survival rates among the target population. Butler Fine (Butler Fine, 2008:p.215-18) describe various reconstructive surgical interventions practiced in excising neoplasm pertaining to the anatomic location of abdominal wall. Indeed, intestinal and uterine malignancies have the potential to extend until the proximity of abdominal wall with their metastatic progression requiring abdominal wall reconstruction intervention to restore the anatomic integrity of the diseased location. The clinical literature emphasizes the need for surgical intervention in treating gynaecologic malignancies including uterine cancer. Lopes et al (2011:p.216) describe the surgical intervention approaches utilized in treating uterine carcinomas including end ometrial malignancies. The degree and extent of pelvic metastatic invasion is the deciding factor for the choice of surgical intervention in gynaecologic malignancies. The surgical intervention for endometrial carcinoma warrants the execution of complete hysterectomy followed by postoperative adjuvant therapy to challenge the relapse of the invading malignancy. The clinical literature reveals the absence of curative therapy in terms of medication or dietary management to prevent or treat the progression of endometrial cancers among the patients population. The option of undergoing surgical intervention during various stages of endometrial cancer indeed, validated by the statistical probability of the progression of endometrial metastasis to the adjacent or distantly located healthy organs (Mak et al, 2012:p.77). Although the survival rates for the advanced stages of endometrial cancer do not exceed the tenure of five years, surgical intervention proves to be the only viable option t o minimize the manifestations of the terminal illness to an extended timeframe. However, postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy interventions are the methods of choice in treating the cases of endometrial carcinoma to rule out the probability of the secondary invasion. The decision for surgical intervention in cases of endometrial carcinoma follows the confirmation of diagnosis through MRI scans and biopsies; however, the extent of metastatic tissue invasion considered as the clinical parameter in proceeding with the invasive techniques for challenging the cancer progression (Surwit Alberts, 1989). Indeed, the decreased survival rates among the patients with advanced stages of endometrial cancer warrant the need of a clinical debate in considering the options of surgery vs. radiation or hormonal therapy for minimizing the intensity of metastatic manifestations in the absence of a definitive cure for the disease. The clinical studies reveal the advantages of the endoscopic inte rvention in treating the cases of endometrial carcinoma (Acton, A:p.70). However, brachytherapy proves to be a potential intervention in treating endometrial cancers in context to retaining the reproductive capability and quality of life of the women under initial stage of endometrial malignancies. The evidence-based literature provides documentation from research studies indicating the positive outcomes from total abdominal hysterectomy as compared to oral therapy for treating gynaecologic malignancies (Ferri, 2013:p. 334). Indeed, the surgical intervention in cases of endometrial carcinoma proves to be highly effective in controlling the complications including uterine hemorrhage and hormonal imbalances among the cancer patients. Conversely, Parrott Condit (1996:p.374) describe the side effects and adverse events following the surgical procedures in cases of the terminal illness. The manifestations including psychosomatic and sexual dysfunction and hormonal imbalances constitute the probable outcomes of total hysterectomy executed for treating endometrial carcinomas. The other clinical complications of surgical intervention include abdominal cramps and scanty vaginal discharge indicating the probability of post surgical pelvic infection requiring immediate therapeutic admini stration. Furthermore, the surgical approaches in treating endometrial carcinoma also include the methods of endometrial ablation and resection of the lymph nodes. Indeed, lymph nodes resection warranted in cases of endometrial metastasis, where the cancerous growth attains the potential to disseminate to the adjacent or distant organs during its progression. The most serious outcome of lymphadenectomy includes the pathophysiological complications in patients immune system, thereby increasing the susceptibility to acquire comorbidities pertaining to viral and bacterial manifestations. The physicians require practicing evidence based approaches in accordance with the intensity and extent of endometrial metastatic invasion prior to arriving at the conclusion in context to surgical intervention for treating the life threatening cancerous condition in its advanced stage. The complications arising from postsurgical chemotherapy and radiotherapy vs. patients life expectancy from the termi nal illness require careful monitoring while exploring the surgical approaches vs. hormonal therapies for alleviating the intensity of cancer manifestations. The medical fraternity including qualified physicians and registered nurse professionals employed for rendering cancer therapy and care require thorough understanding of the potential impact of cancer manifestations on the life of patients as well as their associated family members. Jim et al (2009:p. 650) illustrate the psychological effects of the diagnosis of breast cancer resulting in reported cases of psychosexual dysfunction among the affected population. Similar findings relate with the reported cases of endometrial and ovarian carcinomas adversely influencing the quality of life and psychosocial homeostasis of the cancer patients. The clinical literature provides evidence based contention indicating the patterns of sleep deprivation in the patients diagnosed with cancer conditions (Redline Berger, 2014:p.194). The epidemiological studies describe serious fluctuations of the sleep patterns in cancer patients as compared to the normal sleep profile of the healthy population ac ross the globe. Therefore, appropriate nursing intervention approaches clinically warranted to devise evidence based measures in context to the psychological conflicts and abnormal sleep patterns experienced by the patients affected by cancer conditions. The family members of the patients diagnosed with cancer experience the risk of encountering psychosocial problems and financial complications emanating with the progression of the terminal illness. They may display abnormal eating patterns and difficulty in managing the patients intense symptoms during the advanced stages of various cancer conditions. The cognition and behavioural stability of the family members indeed affected under the stress of the probable outcomes and expected mortality from the progressing malignancy. The nursing fraternity dealing with the cancer patients and their families require rendering psychological and social support to the family members of the affected patients to ascertain affective caretaking of the patients in context to the family environment. The in-depth analysis of patients insecurities and psychological distress assists the nursing professionals to formulate coping strategies for effectively alleviating the psychosomatic manifestations of the affected patients. The nursing professionals require careful monitoring of the therapeutic modalities prescribed for controlling the intensity of patients symptoms including lack of sleep, myalgia, debility, anxiety and depression. Additionally, the financial concerns encountered in rendering remedial modalities to the cancer patients require appropriate consideration to assist the patients and their families in striving against the life threatening manifestations of the terminal illness. The complicated side effects following the surgical interventions employed in treating cancer conditions include chronic pain syndrome, swelling of lymph nodes, persisting vomiting, anaemic episodes, psychological distress, impotence and other h ormonal abnormalities. The intensity and prevalence of these side effects varies in accordance with the rendered surgical intervention and patients geographical location and climatic variations. The employment of the surgical modality targeted for the malignant condition warrants proactive analysis of the expected postoperative outcomes to ascertain devising strategic palliative approaches in reducing the influence of these manifestations following the surgical intervention. The evaluation of potential of targeted vs. standardized treatment approaches in controlling the cancer symptoms and their serious manifestations require conducting clinical trials in controlled environment in statistically analyzing the effectiveness of these approaches to enhance the quality of life and survivorship of the affected population. The cancer therapies employed for treating the advanced stages of various malignancies associated with the risk of disrupting the respiratory, cardiovascular and reprodu ctive mechanisms of the patients resulting in reducing the quality of life and destabilizing the state of wellness following the therapeutic or surgical intervention. The problems pertaining to integumentary system, episodes of sustained blood pressure, thromboembolism, defects in healing mechanism, congestive heart failure, autoimmune disorders, hair loss, intense cough, dyspnoea, allergies, oral thrush, vomiting, dehydration and debility include the serious manifestations adversely affecting the health and wellness of the patients population in a variety of cancer conditions. Similarly, the problems following the postsurgical chemotherapy and radiotherapy warrant the administration of protective measures by the healthcare professionals in proactively dealing with and minimising the episodes of the intense outcomes of these therapeutic modalities. The clinical perspective of rendering supportive care and therapy for the cancer patients advocate the contention of utilizing evidence based approaches in developing palliative care models for increasing the quality of care and challenging the mortality rates of the population affected by life threatening malignancies. The financial burdens of the cancer patients and their families warrants configuring prospective strategies to reduce the cost of care and therapy for wiping out disparities and inequalities in context to the remedial mechanism employed in controlling physical and psychological manifestations of the terminal illness. Indeed, the prospective models for supportive and palliative care require careful analysis of disease management strategies, protocols and pathways in context to end of life care and therapy, and practical approaches for controlling the physical, psychological and social manifestations of the fatal metastatic malignancies. References Ashton, A 2013, Endometrial Cancer: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional, ScholarlyEditionsTM, Georgia Berger, A, Shuster, J, Roenn, J 2013, Principles and Practice of Palliative Care and Supportive Oncology, Lippincott, USA Butler, C Fine, N 2008, Principles of Cancer Reconstructive Surgery, Springer, USA Carr, B Steel, J 2013, Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Springer, USA Corner, J Bailey, C 2008, Cancer Nursing: Care in Context (2nd edn.), Blackwell, UK Fawcett, T McQueen, A 2011, Perspectives on Cancer Care, Wiley, UK Ferri, F 2013, Ferri's Clinical Advisor, Elsevier, USA Foley, K Gelband, H 2001, Improving Palliative Care for Cancer, National Cancer Policy Board, USA Foyle, L Hostad, J 2007, Innovations in Cancer and Palliative Care Education, Radcliffe, UK Keen, A Lennan, E 2011, Women's Cancers, Wiley, UK Lopes, T, Spirtos, N, Naik, R Monaghan, J 2011, Bonney's Gynaecological Surgery (11th edn.), Wiley, USA Mak, S, Hulse, P Carrington, B 2012, MRI Manual of Pelvic Cancer (2nd edn.), Informa, UK National Audit Office 2010, Delivering the cancer reform strategy, Department of Health, Great Britain Parrott, R Condit, C 1996, Evaluating Women's Health Messages: A Resource Book, Sage, USA Redline, S Berge, N 2014, Impact of Sleep and Sleep Disturbances on Obesity and Cancer, Springer, NY Regnard, C Kindlen, M 2002, Supportive and Palliative Care in Cancer: An Introduction, Radcliffe, UK Surwit, E Alberts, D 1989, Endometrial Cancer, Kluwer, USA Yeung, S, Escalante, C Gagel, R 2009, Medical Care of Cancer Patients, BC-Decker, USA

Eating Disorders free essay sample

Eating Disorders Introduction: For my research paper I chose to explore eating disorders and I chose three topics under eating disorders. The three topic I chose where anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder. I chose this for my final paper because I do not know much about eating disorders and I would like to learn more. I have personal connections to this because I have family or friends that have or have had an eating disorder at one point in their life. Eating disorders interest me because there is so much more I need to learn about them. Body Paragraphs: According to national eating disorders web site eating disorders are defined as including extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. (http://www. nationaleatingdisorders. org/information-resources/general-information. php#terms-definitions). One type of eating disorder is binge eating. It is when someone feels like they have lost control of their eating so they just keep eating more and more. Now, all we see are women with the â€Å"perfect† body shape, and of course, every girl would die to look like that. â€Å"Within 38 months, the number of teens at risk for eating disorders more than doubled to 29 percent† (Goodman 79). Before television was introduced to the island of Fiji, the number of eating disorders was drastically lower than today. Within a little over a year, as the television was introduced, these disorders were on the rise. Wherever media has influence, women have become less self-confident, leading them to obsess about weight loss. While struggling to lose weight, they resort to unhealthy habits, and often, eating disorders. The constant portrayal of the perfect body has led many teens and young women to crave this image and never be satisfied with themselves. Women and teens cannot accept their reflection in the mirror because the person looking back at them is not as beautiful and flawless as the women they see in fashion magazines. â€Å"When girls and young women see such images, observers say, they are made to feel inadequate and may undertake extreme measures to try and emulate their idols† (â€Å"Update† par. 23). Because of the promotion of thinness, girls are never satisfied with their bodies. They watch T. V. and desire to look like the beautiful women advertised everyday. Often, young girls will harm themselves until they feel that they are comfortable with their bodies, which rarely happens. It is hard for adolescents to allow time to see their body transform as they exercise and eat well, so they will take part in an eating disorder to get quick results and not even realize the harm they are subjecting themselves to. â€Å"The promotion of the thin, sexy ideal in our culture has created a situation where majority of girls don’t like their bodies† (Hellmich par. 9). Every time young teens look in the mirror, they will find something about themselves they do not like. They will pick themselves apart until they feel that they are as flawless as these women on T. V. Girls who do not meet these standards, feel ignored and ostracized. Magazine companies have the option of using new models at any time. To date, they have proven to choose thinner and thinner models. If companies make a difference to this social crisis by choosing models that are representative of the typical woman’s body size, there would be a dramatic decrease in eating disorders. By doing so, women and teens would not be continually striving for that unattainable image, but would be proud to see see their â€Å"reflection† in the magazines and other media. The media has convinced millions of women that this ideal image is real when in fact its altered, airbrushed, or edited. It would be difficult to find a single photograph that hasn’t been edited before being presented to society. â€Å"It’s time that magazine and advertising executives recognize the role their displays play in setting unattainable standards of whats attractive† (â€Å"Beyond† par. 9). The media needs to understand the impact that they are having on society. They play a significant role in poor self body image and the rise of eating disorders among women and teens. It’s time they take a step back, realize this negative affect, and feel an obligation to help women appreciate themselves. â€Å"Women are more likely to develop eating disorders or cosmetic surgery to conform to unrealistic physical ideals that are flaunted in movies, magazines, and advertisements they contend† (â€Å"Feminism† par. 37). The only thing girls see on the pages of magazines are tall, thin, beautiful ladies. What they do not understand is the hours of editing devoted to that one picture before it is placed into the hands of society. When girls try to emulate their idols, they are naive to the fact that these girls are airbrushed and edited. The media has created the definition of beauty through an unattainable image an image that has become the desire and passion for women and teens to reach. Not everyone would agree that the media plays a significant role in the rise of an eating disorder. Some might argue that most people can distinguish between the fantasy portrayed in the media and the reality of our society. If this were true, then the incidence of eating disorders would not increase when media is introduced into new societies. Media equals influence. Take fashion for example. How does fashion become the â€Å"in thing? † It’s because the media puts it out there and people bite. Moreover, there are diseases all around us. If people were mature enough to make sound decisions and know right from wrong, despite the pressures that exist, then our society would not be battling things like drug and alcohol abuse, smoking, bullying, and more. Even more, people might argue that the media, aware that beauty is what sells, is doing their job of promoting products through beautiful people in order to increase sales. â€Å"Likewise the ‘beauty industry’ has convinced millions of women that chemical crap on their faces, and plucked eyebrows that are drawn back on, is ‘beauty’† (Anderberg 73). But isn’t this horrific disease worth the fight of our entire society including the media? Every last one of us has a responsibility to help thy neighbor, rather than profit from our neighbor’s poor self body image. The media plays a significant role in the onset of eating disorders. This is shown by the rise of eating disorders after the introduction of television, the constant portrayal of the perfect body image, and the advertisements using unattainable beauty. The more society is infected by media, the higher the incidence of eating disorders. Women and teens will never learn to appreciate their own bodies which leads them to a self destructive body image. What is shown on T. V. and in magazines is as unreal as cartoon character drawn by their cartoonist. Aside from the disease of eating disorders, this issue shows how influential our society can be upon one another. Stop supporting television and other advertisements by boycotting their goods and services until they accept responsibility. for this crisis The media has the responsibility to portray society as it is, rather than forcing this unrealistic ideal. Research more about the significant effects eating disorders has to women’s health and body image. Contact modeling companies and fashion industries and use your knowledge to help them understanding this negative effect on society, so they can help our future.

Mind and Stout free essay sample

In the essay â€Å"Selections from Reading Lolita in Tehran† by Azar Nafisi, the author writes of her experiences living in Iran under the power of its totalitarian regime. Martha Stout is a renowned clinical psychologist and author of â€Å"When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday†, in this essay, Stout describes the different forms of psychological dissociation and several stories of her patients fighting trauma. Stout introduces the topic of psychological dissociation and the various degrees it entails, including, play, daydream, and distraction. A ‘trigger’ that causes a person to mentally flee the reality shared with mankind, into an individually altered reality, known as psychological dissociation. In Both essays, there is a shared struggle to overcome troublesome reality, by Stout’s patients and Nafisi, in attempt to lead fulfilling lives. A shared concept from both essays is the presence of ‘darkness’ in different forms, as trauma for Stout’s patients, and in relation to Nafisi and her students, the oppression of women by the regime. We will write a custom essay sample on Mind and Stout or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nafisi and Stout describe the power of ones imagination, and in these cases its role as a form of escape from troubled reality. Lastly, both authors write of the importance of one’s sense of self and individuality, Stout talks of how trauma can cause a disconnection from oneself and the world around them, relating to Nafisi’s struggle to retain individualism. The power of ones imagination is a key factor for both authors in the attempt to create fulfilling lives for there patients, students, and selves. Through Nafisi’s essay, she writes of her time living in Iran, under oppression from the totalitarian regime. As a woman Nafisi and her students were required to wear veils and long robes, and were born into lives where they were given very little choice in any aspect of life. They were to live, as they were expected, leaving no room for imagination. Instead of sufficing to this brutal and inhumane reality, they create a book club; it serves as a sort alternate world, a sanctuary of flourishing imagination and individuality. The book club was held weekly at Nafisi’s home and consisted of seven of her â€Å"best and most dedicated students†; the club would discuss books that would not be accepted in Iranian universities. These books included â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, â€Å"Invitation to a Beheading†, â€Å"A Thousand and One Nights†, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, and several other western classics. Nafisi states, â€Å"Perhaps one way of finding out the truth was to do what we did: to try to imaginatively articulate these two worlds and, through that process, give shape to our vision and identity. † The previous passage from Nafisi represents the personal growth underwent by Nafisi and her students. This better understanding and ability to express their imaginations would have been impossible if not for Nafisi’s book club. The importance of imagination expressed by Nafisi is also a strong topic from Martha Stout. Stout speaks positively of imagination and encourages the application of it, â€Å"In the interest of play, a child can, in a heartbeat, leave himself behind, become someone or something else, on general things at once. Reality is even more plastic in childhood. Pretend games are real and wonderful and consuming†. But stout does not speak plainly on imagination alone; she also discusses thoroughly, mind states created by ones imagination. Stout provides examples form several of her patients who use their imagination in order to escape past traumatic events. One patient of Stouts, a man named Seth says of his escape method that, â€Å"The abyss part, with the sharks and all, that’s frightening. But for most of my life it was really no more frightening than then things that were on the beach, no more frightening than reality, I guess is what I’m saying. So floating in the middle of the ocean was really the best place, even though I guess that sounds strange. Also, being there takes care of the physical pain; theres no more pain when I’m there. †(Stout 396) This passage is from Seth, he is describing his imaginary ocean that he would escape too rather than face the troubles of reality. As Seth escapes too his ocean, Nafisi and her students similarly escape too there book club. These methods of using ones imagination too escape troubled realities, were caused by different forms of ‘darkness’. For Nafisi and her students, this ‘darkness’ came in the form of the Iranian government and the oppression of women. Nafisi states in her book that, â€Å"They had harassed and limited me in all manner of ways, monitoring my visitors, controlling my actions, refusing a long overdue tenure; and when I resigned, they infuriated me by suddenly commiserating and by refusing to accept my resignation. †(Nafisi 253) Nafisi is speaking of the harassment she would endure as woman professor in an Iranian university, where she eventually lost her job for not conforming to  Iranian laws and wearing her veil. Unfair treatment towards women such as this is what led Nafisi to start this book club and share her hope for freedom with a select few students. In relation to Stout’s definition of dissociation, this oppression of women would be seen as the ‘trigger’ and their book club is the form of escape. For Stout’s patients, this ‘darkness’ came in the form of traumatic events. These traumatic events, unique in detail to every of her patients, all lead to different forms of escape from troublesome reality. An example from Stout’s essay is one patient, Julia; she grew up in a house with abusive parents and was clueless to this. She dissociated the memory of her abusive childhood, which resulted in her becoming unable to realize this was her reason for attempting suicide and living with depression. The mind state I’m referring too is psychological dissociation; Stout explains that dissociation is caused by traumatic events, which a person’s mind attempts to bury. Though it would seem that both Nafisi’s students and Stout’s patients used the same method, Nafisi and her student’s were not in a form of dissociation. The reason for this is that Mafiosi’s students willingly chose to create this book club, and altered world, as a form of escape. Wherein dissociation, the person is not mentally aware that reality is being altered, and there escape is brought forth unconsciously by their mind. Of course for every being the most essential need for a person is to have a sense of self or feeling of individuality. Every person is born with a blank slate, and throughout life they shape and mold themselves, into a unique individual. But in order too keep a sense of individuality and have a true feeling of ‘self’, one must be free to make there own choices without restraint. The factor restraining Stout’s patients are past traumatic events, which have disrupted their brains, and holding them back from lives with connections to themselves and the world. Stout says that â€Å"†¦the ability to dissociate from reality, which functions as a life-preserving defense mechanism during times of stress in childhood, can develop into a way of life that leads to emotional detachment and prolonged disengagement with the world. †(Stout 380) In this passage Stout discusses how dissociation creates a disconnection from reality, making it unable for them to truly be themselves. She also says that this dissociation from reality leads to isolation, and detachment from a persons self and the world. The idea’s put in place by Stout are given factual basis from the experiences of Nafisi and her students, in their fight for individuality. Under the totalitarian regime of the Iranian government, women are given few rights and choices to determine their lives; they are expected to live as commanded. The feeling of individualism is absent to these women, who are required to dress identically in robes from head to toe and veils. In a world where women are required to dress as told, and conduct themselves according to the hierarchy of a male’s world. A world such as this leaves women hopeless in obtaining a sense of individualism. Nafisi offers this book club as a short escape for her students, where they could express their personal thoughts freely. â€Å"When my students came into that room, they took of more than their scarves and robes. Gradually, each one gained an outline and a shape, becoming her own inimitable self. †(Nafisi 250) The previous passage perfectly depicts the sense of self that was gained through this book club. The women out of there identical robes and veils, become distinct from one another, not just another robe, but a person, wearing clothes of there choice. This club may have given them a sense of freedom from the regime, and allowed them to obtain a feeling of individualism. This struggle to overcome troublesome realities, in attempt to lead fulfilling lives, is shared by Nafisi and her students, as well as Stout’s patients. Both were presented with a form of ‘darkness’, Nafisi’s oppression from the totalitarian regime and Stout’s patients trauma. But through the power of imagination and the courageous defiance against the regime for Nafisi, and traumatic pasts for Stout’s patients, they were able to retain a sense of self. Opening doors, to lives defined by personal choices, creating individuals with true connections.